Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body. Calcium combines with phosphorus to form the bones and teeth. It also activates several enzymes, is part of calcitriol, the active form of vitamin D. Inadequate calcium intake, the body draws upon its calcium “reserve” in bone to restore the deficit. If this imbalance is prolonged, the condition of osteoporosis develops progressively as bone loses its mineral mass and progressively becomes porous and brittle, bone may eventually break under the stresses of normal living. A literature search over the past twenty years and helpful documents are selected. There are several instruments and methods to measure BMD and DEXA scan is more common. A BMD test is essential for Everybody after the age forty to avoid a fracture due to osteoporosis without trauma. Female are more prone to osteoporosis after menopause. Glucocorticoids therapy, Primary/secondary Hypogonadism in men is major causes to develop osteoporosis. Regular high impact exercise from childhood is essential to prevent osteoporosis in later life and regular weight bearing exercises are more helpful in maintaining required BMD and BMI as well as preventing fall in old age. Life style risk factors should be minimized by taking precautions for early bone loss. Calcium and vitamin-D play a vital role for bone integrity. Calcium and vitamin-D intake should be adequate for proper bone growth. Exercise should generally be part of the treatment plan in patients with osteoporosis. Exercise plays a significant part of a life style prescription for reducing fracture in later life.